![]() Dark gray and hyperthyroid- they have a peculiar shine which often distinguishes geniuses, alcoholics, and hysterics.”Īs the Nazi party consolidated power in Germany, she was the first American journalist to be expelled from the country. He is the very prototype of the Little Man.” … “The Eyes alone are notable. “He is inconsequent and voluble, ill poised, insecure. “He is formless, almost faceless, a man whose countenance is a caricature, a man whose framework seems cartilaginous, without bones,” she wrote. In her book, I Saw Hitler, she was deeply critical of Nazism and described the Führer an “insignificant man.” Thompson worked as the head of the Berlin Bureau of The New York Times where she was given the opportunity to interview Adolf Hitler in 1931. Image courtesy of Chronicling America.ĭorothy Thompson, a journalist and one of the few female news anchors of her time, also made it into the rally. He later served in the United States Navy and fought against the Nazis in Europe. Isadore Greenbaum suffered a broken nose, black eye, and ripped clothing. Hermann Schwinn, the West Coast leader of the Bund, reinforced that idea when he labeled Jews as a threat to American identity and attacked New York City Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia as “the Jew Lumpen LaGuardia.”Īrticle clipping from The Evening Star. In Fritz Kuhn’s keynote address, he demanded that “…our government be returned to the American People who founded it.” The Bund’s definition of Americanism was actually a concrete manifestation of German racism and hatred based on racial and religious differences. Messages which were openly praised by attendants who performed Nazi salutes toward three-story tall banners of George Washington flanked by Nazi swastikas. Twenty-two thousand Bund members carried signs and banners with messages such as, “Wake up America! Smash Jewish Communism” and “Stop Jewish Domination of Christian Americans.” Speakers at the rally incorporated antisemitic messages and Nazi propaganda throughout their speeches. Kuhn and other American Nazi leaders called the event a “mass demonstration for true Americanization” and used patriotic imagery alongside Nazi imagery and antisemitic rhetoric. The height of the German-American Bund’s popularity was marked by the February 1939 rally at Madison Square Garden. So much so, that The Washington Post presented Chairman Dies with the “Americanism Award of 1938.” False claims that Khun received orders directly from Adolf Hitler helped to discredit the German-American Bund in the press and in Congress. During the hearings, the committee successfully painted the Bund as anti-American. Both the Attorney General and the Federal Bureau of Investigation concluded that the Bund was not a threat to American security. In fact, its conclusions were that the German-American Bund was loud and racist, but fell under the protections of the first amendment. The HUAC did not have the ability to arrest any Bund members. Fritz Kuhn was the first witness called by Dies’ committee. ![]() to address the German-American Bund, the Bund family summer camps, and pro-Nazi organizations and individuals in the United States. The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), later made famous by their Cold War Era investigations of suspected communist sympathizers in the United States, was formed in 1938 by Congressman Martin Dies, Jr. Image by University of Southern California.Īs the Pro-Nazi and American Fascist movement grew, so did the interest of the American Government. Men saluting Nazi and American flags at Camp Siegfried, New York on October 1937.
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